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Gukesh becomes second youngest GM in history

by Sagar Shah
1/15/2019 – 12 years, 7 months and 17 days — that's the age of the new second youngest ever, GM-elect D. Gukesh. He's also the 60th grandmaster from India! How did this youngster achieve it? On the surface, it looks like an extremely smooth journey where Gukesh achieved one milestone after another. "But when you delve deeper", writes SAGAR SHAH, "you see tremendous amount of sacrifices, grit, determination and much more from not just the youngster and his entire family". | Photo: David Llada

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Narrowly misses Karjakin record

If you feel like you've read that headline before, you're not wrong. This is now the third time we've had to update the number two spot on our list of the youngest grandmasters in historyjust in the last six months! It was last June when Praggnanandhaa finally bagged his third GM-norm at the age of 12 years, 10 months and 13 days. Then in October, Javokhir Sindarov achieved the same feat just three days younger. Now the record for second youngest GM heads back to India as D. Gukesh scored the requisite GM performance today at the 17th Delhi Open, almost three months faster than Sindarov!
Here's how his rating performance has steadily climbed.
Gukesh rating graph
It's mind-boggling to think that Gukesh was basically a beginner just five years ago!
IM Sagar Shah, from ChessBase India, has penned this dedication to India's youngest GM, who is sure to make it big in the years to come.

In October 2017, Gukesh was a talented youngster with a rating of 2322 and no norms. In 16 months, he scored three IM norms, three GM norms, pumped up his rating to 2500 and became the second youngest GM in the history of the game. Today, January 15th, Gukesh achieved his final GM norm at the Delhi GM 2019 and with it qualified for the GM title at the age of 12 years, 7 months and 17 days (4617 days from his birthdate, May 29th, 2006). The youngest GM in Indian chess history and the second youngest GM in the world, he missed Karjakin's record of the youngest GM in the world by just 19 days!
Gukesh in Delhi
The ninth round game at the Delhi Chess 2019 that helped Gukesh to score his third GM norm | Photo: Niklesh Jain
He scored his GM norm with one round to spare:
Rd.Bo.SNo NameRtgFEDClub/CityPts.Res.
122184WFMBommini Mounika Akshaya1931INDAP5,0w 1
221103CMNikhil Magizhnan2148INDTN5,0s 1
31675FMMehdi Hasan Parag2260BANBAN4,5w 1
412GMPredke Alexandr2620RUSRUS6,5w ½
51346 Sahoo Utkal Ranjan2388INDOri6,0s 1
6513GMGhosh Diptayan2544INDWes7,0s ½
7510GMNarayanan.S.L2575INDKer7,5w ½
841GMAmonatov Farrukh2621TJKTJK7,0s ½
91267IMSharma Dinesh K.2303INDLIC6,0w 1
1039GMGupta Abhijeet2581INDDel7,0s 0
Gukesh's performance at the 17th Delhi Chess GM Open 2019
Gukesh's path to the GM title has been short but filled with a lot of action. He scored his first IM norm in October 2017 when he had a rating of 2323. Within 16 months he is already a GM achieving three IM norms, three GM norms and an Elo of 2500! Looks easy, doesn't it? Before you pass any judgement, let's have a look at the table below: 

Tournaments performances, October 2017 to January 2019

S.NoName of tournamentPeriodNo. of gamesRating gainNorms
1First FridayOct-17939.41st IM norm
2National under-11Dec-1711-12.8 
3Bhopal GM 2017Dec-1794 
4IIFLW OpenJan-189-27 
5IIFLW JuniorJan-189-2 
6Delhi GM 2018Jan-1810-5 
7Moscow Open 2018Feb-189402nd IM norm
8Aeroflot Open 2018Mar-1898 
9Capelle La GrandeMar-189333rd IM norm
10Asian Youth under-12Apr-1891 
11Bangkok OpenApr-189241st GM norm
12Kolkata GM OpenMay-1895 
13Bhubaneshwar GMJun-189-4 
14White RookJun-18910 
15Alekhine MemorialJun-189-4 
16ParacinJul-1893.5 
17Pardubice Jul-1894 
18Abu Dhabi OpenAug-18911.5 
19Abu Dhabi JuniorsAug-1892 
20Sants OpenSep-1810-1 
21Trieste OpenSep-1897 
22Closed GM HeraklionSep-189-3.5 
23Gujarat GMOct-189-7 
24Isle of ManOct-1898 
25World Cadets under-12Nov-18119 
26GM Round Robin SerbiaDec-18921.42nd GM norm
27Sunway Sitges OpenDec-1899.5 
28Mumbai IIFLW Juniors Jan-19912.4 
29Mumbai IIFLW OpenJan-199-12.4 
30Delhi GM 2019Jan-199153rd GM norm
   276189 
While the rating gain of 189 Elo points and norms is amazing, what is even more impressive is the number of rated games that Gukesh has played — 276 games in 16 months. This works out to roughly 17 games per month or two tournaments every month for the last 16 months! Strong GMs are tired when they play 100 rated games in a year. Gukesh, on the other hand, has played nearly 207 games in one year!
This goes completely against conventional wisdom that you must relax in between the tournaments and have time to unwind. For Gukesh, playing chess is unwinding. For him, moving his pieces, thinking of plans is the best form of relaxation! Look at how many unsuccessful events the boy has had. Out of the 30 events he played in last 16 months, in ten of them he had lost rating points. But the most important thing for Gukesh was the focus on his games, on moves and improvement. This has helped him to improve very quickly.
Just to give you an example of how much he loves chess, his mother Padma Kumari said in the latest interview:
"Gukesh and his father came back from the Sunway Sitges very tired. Their flight was delayed and instead of reaching in the morning, they reached home in the afternoon. Gukesh was going to participate in the ChessBase India online blitz on the same day which was held in the honour of Vishy Anand's 49th birthday. The tournament was going to begin at 8 p.m. and Gukesh asked me to wake him up three hours before the tournament. As he was very tired I woke him up one hour before the event. He was very angry at me. He quickly got ready, switched on his computer and played a few practice games before the tournament began. He told me not to disturb him. This was an unbelievable scene for me. It just showed me how much he loved chess."
Interview with Gukesh and his mother after Gukesh became a GM
Bharat Singh Chauhan congratulates Gukesh
Bharat Singh Chauhan, Secretary of AICF embraces Gukesh after he became a GM | Photo: David Llada
Selfie with David Llada
Man of the moment with David Llada, Atul Dahale, Niklesh Jain and Angela Franco | Photo: David Llada
Gukesh's father Rajinikanth is a doctor — an ENT surgeon. He is affiliated with a hospital in Chennai where he provides his services. Since Gukesh started to play in so many tournaments, it's his father who has accompanied him to most of them. His profession has taken a backseat. He hardly visits the hospital. The institution has been kind to him to keep him in their list of doctors, but he doesn't really earn much. This means that the onus is on the mother Padma Kumar to ensure that the Gukesh's trips are sponsored. Thanks to becoming an IM in March 2018 at the age of 11 years and 10 months, Gukesh received some backing from his school Velammal Institute who contributed to Rs.5 lakh (or 500,000 Indian Rupees, roughly USD $7,000) and Microsense company who also contributed a similar amount. The moment this money was received Rajinikanth began planning the next tournaments for Gukesh. That's the reason why Gukesh is a GM today. The family went all in. Whatever money they had they put it in chess, they took the risk and it paid off. Somehow Gukesh's story is very similar to that Magnus Carlsen and his family who left home and travelled for nearly a year in Europe to play one tournament after another when the boy was just 13 years old!
ChessBase India has been closely following Gukesh's every tournament and takes you chronologically through some of the biggest achievements of Gukesh's chess career till date.

First IM norm

Gukesh achieved his first IM norm at the First Saturday tournament organized by Peter Long. In a must-win situation in the last round, Gukesh scored the win to reach the needed 7.0/9. At that, point Gukesh's rating was 2322 and he was 11 years and 5 months old.
Gukesh with father and Peter Long
Gukesh scored his first IM norm at the First Friday tournament on 11th of October 2017 organized by Peter Long (left)
Gukesh eating rice
This picture sent to us by Peter Long after Gukesh achieved his first IM norm was a super-hit! Gukesh celebrates his victory with rice and dal!
November 2017
He then went on to win the U-11 nationals in November 2017 in Pune! | Photo: Amruta Mokal
Gukesh's favourite game from the Nationals under-11
GM Open in Bhopal
Finishing sixth in the super strong GM Open in Bhopal was a truly wonderful feat | Photo: Amruta Mokal
Parham Maghsoodloo, Gukesh and Anand
He won the IIFLW juniors and received the trophy from Vishy Anand | Photo: Niklesh Jain
father and son
The father and son duo enjoy their sweet moment of victory! | Photo: Niklesh Jain

2nd and 3rd IM norms

Gukesh's second IM norm came at the Moscow Open, in February 2018, with one round to spare. In March 2018, Gukesh achieved his third IM norm after at the Capelle la Grande. He became an IM at the age of 11 years, 9 months and 11 days!
Gukesh in February and March 2018
Gukesh in Moscow and Paris, in February and March, 2018
After becoming an IM one would imagine that Gukesh would not play in Asian under-12, but the youngster didn't stop playing. He went to the Asian Championships in Thailand and won five gold medals! Three individual golds in classical, rapid and blitz in  individual  format, gold in team rapid and blitz and bronze in team classical.
April, 2018 in Thailand at the Asian Youthe Championships

1st GM norm

Gukesh's victory at the Bangkok Open 2018 over Nigel Short created quite some controversy as Nigel's flag fell in a winning position.
Gukesh facing Nigel Short | Photo: Peter Long
This is what happened:
But Gukesh made full use of this situation and beat his strong opponents in the subsequent rounds to achieve his first GM norm at the Bangkok Open.
Rd.Bo.SNo NameRtgFEDPts.Res.
127125FMNouri Alekhine1883PHI3,5s 1
22482WFMPatil Mitali Madhukar2071IND5,0w ½
32574 Diez Allan2095PHI4,5s 1
472GMShort Nigel D2662ENG7,0w 1
5612GMLy Moulthun2498AUS6,0s ½
6819IMPascua Haridas2443PHI6,0w ½
777GMKrysa Leandro2543ARG6,0w 1
8715IMGoh Wei Ming Kevin2472SGP6,5s 1
925GMGareyev Timur2592USA7,0w ½
Gukesh's first GM norm
After achieving his first GM norm, a tough period began for Gukesh where he played 14 tournaments, but couldn't achieve his second norm. But in this period between May to November, he had the following achievements:
Team Velammal
Part of the winning team — Velammal at the White rook championships in Russia, giving Gukesh and all other members free entry to the Aeroflot Open 2019
Winning the Abu Dhabi Juniors 2018!
Becoming the World Champion under-12
By now Gukesh had already built up a great fan following thanks to his achievements!
Gukesh's love for playing chess is quite apparent. But it is not limited to it. He loves anything and everything connected to the game. For example, whenever I have asked Gukesh to send me his games with some annotations, he has done so within a couple of days. Here are two of his games from the World under-12 Championships 2018 where he became the champion with a score of 10.0/11.
GUKESH,D.-TUGSTUMUR,YESUNTUMUR
WhiteEloWBlackEloBResECORnd
Gukesh,D2457Tugstumur,Y23311–0A347
Gukesh,D2457Kostolansky Lukas,S23231–0E605
GukeshGukesh, D24571–0Tugstumur, Yesuntumur2331
IMWorld U-12 Spain 2018
[ss]
FM
1.Nf3 c5 2.c4 Nc6 3.Nc3 e5 4.e3 Nf6 5.Be2 previously I had played a game against IM Padmini Rout with 5.d4 so after I played 5.Be2 he was little surprised. d56.cxd5 Nxd5 7.0-0 Be6 8.Bb5 Bd6 9.Ne4 Nc7 10.Bxc6+ bxc6 11.b3!f5?! 12.Nxd6+ Qxd6 13.d3! now both the e5 and c5 pawns are weak 0-0-014.Bb2 Bd5?14...Qxd3 15.Bxe5 Qxd1 16.Rfxd1 Bd5 this ending is clearly bad for Black but he should play this position instead he gave a pawn and tried for some counterplay which did not exist. 15.Nxe5 Rhe8 the Knight is very strong on e5. 16.f4 g5 17.e4! Bg817...fxe4 18.dxe4 Bxe4 19.Qg4+ Kb819...Kb7 20.Nf7 Qd7 21.Nxd8+ 19...Qe6 20.f5 Qd5 21.Rad1 20.Rad1+- 17...Be6 18.exf5 18.Qh5 fxe418...Ne6 19.Nc4 Qxd3 20.Rad1 19.dxe4 this is a clearly winning position and I converted it easily. gxf4 20.Rad1Qe6 21.Rxf4 Rxd1+ 22.Qxd1 Rd8 23.Qf1 Qe8 24.h3 Kb7 25.Kh2 Qe726.Qf2 Ne6 27.Rf6 Rf8 28.Nc4 Rxf6 29.Bxf6 Qf8 30.Qh4 Nc7 31.Be7Qg7 32.Nd6+ Kb8 33.Bf6 Qd7 34.Be5 a6 35.Bg3 Ka7 36.Qg5 Be637.Qxc5+ Ka8 38.Qb6 h5 39.Qb7#1–0
MoveNResultEloPlayers
1.e4841.17054%2422Zhao (2018), Lu, Bosiocic, Wen
1.d4690.30955%2437Li (2018), Xu, Lou, Gostisa
1.Nf3201.89356%2439Bai (2018), Ruck, Tratar, Bu
1.c4133.41556%2441Lenic (2018), Markovic
1.g316.08156%2426
1.b37.61152%2413
1.f44.40746%2369
1.Nc32.52649%2383
1.b41.11944%2359
1.e350944%2368
1.d348146%2355
1.a342848%2377
1.c319048%2380
1.g412238%2369
1.h37734%2347
1.h43942%2332
1.Nh31557%2401
1.a41446%2432
1.f31020%2390
1.Na3856%2421
Click or tap the second game in the list to switch
Although Gukesh had won the white rook, Abu Dhabi Juniors and World under-12 championships, the GM norm was not coming. At the same time, he had the remote possibility of breaking Karjakin's youngest GM record, if he achieved his GM title by December 29th, 2018. But there were only two tournaments left until the end of the year. How was Gukesh going to do it?

2nd GM norm

First up Gukesh gave a powerful performance at the Orbis-2 GM round-robin tournament in Paracin, Serbia. He scored 7½/9, gaining 21.4 Elo points with a performance of 2665 achieved his 2nd GM norm.
Paracin, Serbia, early December 2018
With a rating of 2490 and 2 GM norms, Gukesh was going to the Sunway Sitges Championship. He had a realistic chance of becoming the youngest GM in the world if he scored his final GM norm there. He missed it by a whisker, scoring half a point less than needed. But he was not affected in a big way. Gukesh gave a calm interview to ChessBase India after the tournament and got ready for his next event — the Mumbai IIFLW 2018-19.
"Enjoy the pressure", says Gukesh, who had the eyeballs of the entire world focusing on him to break Karjakin's record 
Just to show what a level headed person Gukesh's  father Rajinikanth is, here's his post after Gukesh was unable to break Karjakin's record:
"It's been a fantastic year for Gukesh. Honestly at the start of 2018, if someone would have predicted and told me that at the year end he will be close to 2500 and completed IM title and also has 2 GM norms in addition to Asian and World gold medals, I would have laughed it off. So it's that sort of miracle year. I am pretty happy with his efforts and results. Keep supporting him with all your blessings and prayers as I feel he wasn't destined for this record but who knows he has better things to target! Heartfelt thanks for all your support."
This has been one of the reasons why Gukesh does well. He has had absolutely no pressure from his parents. They do not interfere with his chess decisions. If there is a draw in a position and Gukesh overstretches and loses the game, his father is proud that Gukesh tried to play for a win and not that he missed the draw. It's this attitude that helps the young boy play freely.
At the IIFLW Championship 2018-19 Gukesh was unable to win the juniors section, nor was he able to achieve his GM norm in the open section. But he showed his claws, by beating the top seed in the open section Aleksandrov (2590).
Gukesh talks about his IIFLW tournament and whether he enjoys his father or mother's company more at a tournament!
Gukesh and Savitha both met Frederic Friedel, the co-founder of ChessBase GmbH on the last day of the Mumbai IIFLW 2018-19 and received ChessBase 15 as gifts

3rd GM norm

The third GM norm had to come sooner than later! Gukesh played a fine tournament at the Delhi GM Open 2019 and achieved his final norm!
Gukesh smiling
He lost the last round to GM Abhijeet Gupta, but has plenty to smile over! | Photo: David Llada

All D. Gukesh's games from the 17th Delhi Open

GUKESH D-BOMMINI MOUNIKA AKSHAYA
WhiteEloWBlackEloBResECORnd
Gukesh D2497Bommini Mounika Akshaya19311–0A061
Nikhil Magizhnan2148Gukesh D24970–1B302
Gukesh D2497Mehdi Hasan Parag22601–0A053
Gukesh D2497Predke,A2620½–½A064
Sahoo,U2388Gukesh D24970–1E915
Ghosh,D2544Gukesh D249
7½–½E626
Gukes
h D2497Narayanan.S.L2575½–½A057
Amonatov,F2621Gukesh D2497½–½B158
Gukesh D2497Sharma,D23031–0C039
Gupta,A2581Gukesh D24971–010
Gukesh D24971–0Bommini Mounika Akshaya1931
IM17th Delhi GM Open 2019
[TA]
WFM
1.Nf3 d5 2.g3 Bg4 3.Bg2 e6 4.c4 c6 5.d4 Nf6 6.0-0 Nbd7 7.h3 D11: Slav Defence: 3 Nf3 sidelines and 3... Nf6 4 e3 Bg4 Bh5 8.cxd5 exd5 9.Nh4 LiveBook: 9 Games. White has an edge. Be7 10.Nc3 0-0 11.g4NPredecessor: 11.f4 Ne4 12.Nf5 Nxc3 13.bxc3 1-0 (34) Vachier Lagrave,M (2785)-Gunina,V (2496) Gibraltar 2016 11...Bg6 12.Nxg6 hxg6 13.e4 Nxe4       Loss on time!?1–0
MoveNResultEloPlayers
.11944%
1.e4841.17054%2422Zhao (2018), Lu, Bosiocic, Wen
1.d4690.30955%2437Li (2018), Xu, Lou, Gostisa
1.Nf3201.89356%2439Bai (2018), Ruck, Tratar, Bu
1.c4133.41556%2441Lenic (2018), Markovic
1.g316.08156%2426
1.b37.61152%2413
1.f44.40746%2369
1.Nc32.52649%2383
1.b412359
1.e350944%2368
1.d348146%2355
1.a342848%2377
1.c319048%2380
1.g412238%2369
1.h37734%2347
1.h43942%2332
1.Nh31557%2401
1.a41446%2432
1.f31020%2390
1.Na3856%24
21
We
asked Gukesh's current trainer GM Vishnu Prasanna as to what makes Gukesh special. He replied:
"Gukesh surprised me early on with his strategic sense and unique strategic decisions. This is even more surprising considering how young he is. He is extremely good at calculating variations quickly and precisely. Most of all he has tremendously important qualities like willingness to learn, curiosity and a good temperament to handle pressure."
Coaches
No great thing was ever achieved alone! Gukesh's support team clock-wise from bottom left: Krishna Prasad (sports psychologist), Bhaskar (Gukesh's first trainer), Vishnu Prasanna, P. Karthikeyan and Vijay Anand
sponsors
The organizations that have helped Gukesh in his journey — ONGC, Velammal and Microsense
Adapted from the original story with kind permission of ChessBase India.

Links


Sagar is an International Master from India with two GM norms. He is also a chartered accountant and would like to become the first CA+GM of India. He loves to cover chess tournaments, as that helps him understand and improve at the game he loves so much. He is the co-founder of the ChessBase India website.
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DenixDenix 1/16/2019 11:19
Congratulations Gukesh D!
macauleymacauley 1/16/2019 10:21
@rehsupdoow - Thanks. Corrected.
ulyssesganeshulyssesganesh 1/16/2019 05:33
great feat, gukesh, kudos to you, you have made our country proud!!!
benedictralphbenedictralph 1/16/2019 02:27
So AlphaZero got its GM status at... 90 minutes old, maybe?
rehsupdoowrehsupdoow 1/16/2019 01:12
Karjakin got his third norm when he was 4595 days old; Gukesh got his when he was 4614 days old. 

Karjakin holds the record by 19 days, not 17. 

Sergey was born in a January, Gukesh was born in May. 

Over their next ~7 months, Sergey had one fewer 31 day month and a short February to his credit. This adds to 3 days, not 2. This is because the Chessbase calculation assumed that all months are 30 and five twelths long (plus a bit for the leap year). This caused a rounding error. 

It doesn't affect the ordering ... this time, but when we get yet younger Grandmasters, you better work out the days. 

So for now, Sergey leads by 19 !
SeniorPatzerSeniorPatzer 1/15/2019 08:40
Absolutely incredible and marvelous. Heartiest and Highest Congratulations to D. Gukesh and his entire family! It was a giant sacrifice, but well worth it. 

Fantastic accomplishment!!
sjevticsjevtic 1/15/2019 07:28
January 15th 2019. will be remembered as the day when India got the youngest Grandmaster and 2nd youngest Grandmaster ever. Indian prodigy Gukesh D successfully completed his path to become GM by obtaining his last GM norm in 17th Delhi OPEN GM Chess Tournament. 

After drawing in Round 8 against strong GM from Tajikistan Farrukh Amonatov rated 2621 Gukesh was waiting to see the pairings of Round 9. If his opponent in Round 9 was a player rated 2550 or more he would need a draw for GM norm. If his 9th round opponent was lower rated win was required. His opponent in Round 9 was Indian IM Dinesh K Sharma rated 2303 and it was clear that Gukesh needs a win for a great achievement. 

And his game, which you can see in this video, was a small masterpiece. 
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YjcuRQ1z8oQ 

12 years, 7 months and 17 days old Gukesh obtained one of the best chess successes ever. 
He became GM only 17 days after current record holder legendary Sergey Karjakin. 

I am very happy that Round Robin tournament “Orbis-2 2018” in Paracin, Serbia, where Gukesh supremely obtained his 2nd GM norm, will be remembered as a path of his great success. 

I would like to congratulate to Gukesh, his unlimitedly supportive family and to his coaches on this great achievement.

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